1 00:00:03,870 --> 00:00:06,680 WELCOME TO A NASA LIVE CHAT. 2 00:00:06,680 --> 00:00:13,960 I'M WITH TWO OF THE FOUR ASTRONAUTS WHO WILL TEST ON THE 3 00:00:13,960 --> 00:00:15,290 CREW PROGRAM. 4 00:00:15,290 --> 00:00:20,510 WE HAVE BEEN COLLECTING QUESTIONS. 5 00:00:20,510 --> 00:00:23,670 WE HAD AN ENTHUSIASTIC RESPONSE WHICH WE ARE VERY EXCITED ABOUT. 6 00:00:23,670 --> 00:00:25,090 WE'RE STILL ACCEPTING QUESTIONS. 7 00:00:25,090 --> 00:00:27,369 WE INVITE PEOPLE TO SEND THOSE IN. 8 00:00:27,369 --> 00:00:30,489 THE FIRST QUESTION IS GOING TO BOB. 9 00:00:30,489 --> 00:00:33,240 THAT IS FROM TWITTER USER IAN. 10 00:00:33,240 --> 00:00:37,260 WHAT WOULD BE YOUR ELEVATOR PITCH FOR NASA? 11 00:00:37,260 --> 00:00:40,370 MY ELEVATOR PITCH FOR NASA AND THE COMMERCIAL CREW PROGRAM 12 00:00:40,370 --> 00:00:43,030 IS THAT WE'RE TRYING TO DEVELOP NEW VEHICLES TO GIVE US AN 13 00:00:43,030 --> 00:00:44,030 ALTERNATIVE. 14 00:00:44,030 --> 00:00:48,329 IT'S IMPORTANT TO HAVE THE CAPABILITY OUT OF THE UNITED 15 00:00:48,329 --> 00:00:49,329 STATES. 16 00:00:49,329 --> 00:00:51,339 LOOKING FORWARD TO THE DAYS WHEN THAT HAPPENS. 17 00:00:51,339 --> 00:00:52,719 EXCELLENT. 18 00:00:52,719 --> 00:00:55,249 WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO THE FUTURE OF HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT TO 19 00:00:55,249 --> 00:00:57,870 HAVE THIS COMMERCIAL CREW PROGRAM? 20 00:00:57,870 --> 00:01:01,480 IT INVOLVES ASTRONAUTS LAUNCHING FROM HERE, THE UNITED 21 00:01:01,480 --> 00:01:02,480 STATES. 22 00:01:02,480 --> 00:01:05,110 WE CAN SHARE THAT WITH PEOPLE WHO ARE HERE. 23 00:01:05,110 --> 00:01:08,980 BUT IT ALSO INVOLVES THE PUBLIC AND ALL THE COMPANIES OUT THERE 24 00:01:08,980 --> 00:01:11,790 WHO ARE DEVELOPING NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR NEW SPACECRAFT. 25 00:01:11,790 --> 00:01:14,840 SO IT REACHES A LOT FARTHER TO THE PUBLIC HERE IN THE UNITED 26 00:01:14,840 --> 00:01:15,840 STATES. 27 00:01:15,840 --> 00:01:20,730 AND THEN THAT, OF COURSE, IS ACCOMPANIED WITH THE KIDS IN 28 00:01:20,730 --> 00:01:23,720 THIS COUNTRY WHO ARE GETTING READY TO POTENTIALLY FOLLOW IN 29 00:01:23,720 --> 00:01:27,850 OUR FOOTSTEPS AND IT ENFORCES THE SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, 30 00:01:27,850 --> 00:01:30,320 ENGINEER AND MATH PART OF THAT. 31 00:01:30,320 --> 00:01:32,990 WE'RE LOOKING FORWARD TO COMING BACK TO THE UNITED STATES TO 32 00:01:32,990 --> 00:01:33,990 LAUNCH HERE. 33 00:01:33,990 --> 00:01:36,690 YOU ARE WORKING WITH THE COMMERCIAL PARTNERS, BOTH BOEING 34 00:01:36,690 --> 00:01:41,300 AND SPACE X THROUGH FINAL PHASES AND CERTIFICATION. 35 00:01:41,300 --> 00:01:45,570 CAN YOU WALK US THROUGH WHY THAT'S IMPORTANT THAT YOU BE 36 00:01:45,570 --> 00:01:49,540 INVOLVED AND WHAT THAT MEANS FOR THE PROGRAM ITSELF? 37 00:01:49,540 --> 00:01:52,460 FROM OUR PERSPECTIVE, IT'S REALLY IMPORTANT THAT WE HAVE AS 38 00:01:52,460 --> 00:01:55,610 MANY PEOPLE AS POSSIBLE WITH SOME SPACE FLIGHT EXPERIENCE TO 39 00:01:55,610 --> 00:01:59,050 HELP INFORM THE DESIGNS THAT THE PARTNERS ARE COMING UP WITH. 40 00:01:59,050 --> 00:02:02,210 SPACE X AND BOEING HAVE A LOT OF GREAT EXPERIENCE. 41 00:02:02,210 --> 00:02:04,950 BUT OUR ROLE IS TO REALLY HELP THEM ANTICIPATE SOME CHALLENGES 42 00:02:04,950 --> 00:02:06,870 THAT MIGHT\h-- THEY MIGHT FACE WHEN THEY ACTUALLY GET THESE 43 00:02:06,870 --> 00:02:11,700 VEHICLES INTO SPACE, MAKE SURE THAT THEY FIT WELL INTO THE WAY 44 00:02:11,700 --> 00:02:14,360 THAT WE HAVE THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION OPERATING TODAY. 45 00:02:14,360 --> 00:02:17,019 THERE ARE SOME THINGS THAT MAYBE THEY DON'T HAVE AS MUCH 46 00:02:17,019 --> 00:02:19,579 EXPERIENCE WITH THAT WE CAN BRING TO THE TABLE. 47 00:02:19,579 --> 00:02:22,480 FOR EXAMPLE, THE SOYUZ EXPERIENCE. 48 00:02:22,480 --> 00:02:30,730 WE HAVE TO CHANGE THAT WITH ONE CREW GOING OFF ON THE SOYUZ AND 49 00:02:30,730 --> 00:02:32,879 ANOTHER GOING OFF TO ANOTHER VEHICLE. 50 00:02:32,879 --> 00:02:34,939 THAT'S THE EXPERIENCE THAT WE BRING. 51 00:02:34,939 --> 00:02:37,980 IT'S CRITICAL TO MAKING THE VEHICLES SUCCESSFUL. 52 00:02:37,980 --> 00:02:41,109 I THINK THAT'S A GREAT POINT IN YOUR INVOLVEMENT IN 53 00:02:41,109 --> 00:02:42,120 UNDERSTANDING THAT. 54 00:02:42,120 --> 00:02:44,739 THEN WE TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT\h-- WE TALKED QUITE A BIT 55 00:02:44,739 --> 00:02:48,499 ABOUT THE SIGNIFICANCE OF HAVING THESE TWO DIFFERENT SYSTEMS. 56 00:02:48,499 --> 00:02:51,049 WHY IS IT IMPORTANT THAT WE HAVE TWO SYSTEMS? 57 00:02:51,049 --> 00:02:53,799 SO IT'S GREAT THAT WE HAVE A COUPLE DIFFERENT COMPANIES 58 00:02:53,799 --> 00:02:55,319 INVOLVED IN ALL OF THIS. 59 00:02:55,319 --> 00:02:57,859 THIS, OF COURSE, WAS SELECTED FROM OTHER COMPANIES WHO WERE 60 00:02:57,859 --> 00:03:00,840 ALSO BIDDING FOR THIS AS WELL. 61 00:03:00,840 --> 00:03:03,780 WHAT'S NEAT ABOUT HAVING A BUNCH OF COMPANIES INTERESTED IS THAT 62 00:03:03,780 --> 00:03:07,049 IT INVOLVES MORE PEOPLE AND THERE'S COMPETITION. 63 00:03:07,049 --> 00:03:11,849 THAT MEANS THAT THINGS ARE DEVELOPING ON A RAPID PACE AND 64 00:03:11,849 --> 00:03:13,670 THEY'RE TRYING TO DO AS BEST AS THEY CAN. 65 00:03:13,670 --> 00:03:16,890 SO IT'S REALLY NICE TO HAVE MORE THAN ONE COMPANY DOING THIS. 66 00:03:16,890 --> 00:03:19,989 IT ALSO\h-- WE HAVE A BACKUP FOR EACH OTHER IN CASE WE HAVE ANY 67 00:03:19,989 --> 00:03:21,459 ISSUES ALONG THE WAY. 68 00:03:21,459 --> 00:03:23,969 WE HAVE TWO COMPANIES OUT THERE WORKING TOWARD THIS GOAL TO GET 69 00:03:23,969 --> 00:03:26,049 US BACK TO LAUNCH HERE. 70 00:03:26,049 --> 00:03:27,749 IT REALLY SPURS THE INNOVATION. 71 00:03:27,749 --> 00:03:29,689 I THINK THAT'S REALLY THE DRIVER FOR WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO 72 00:03:29,689 --> 00:03:34,530 ACCOMPLISH IS SPURRING INNOVATION. 73 00:03:34,530 --> 00:03:38,049 THREE EVENTS IN NOW AS SELECTEES FOR THE COMMERCIAL 74 00:03:38,049 --> 00:03:39,049 CREW PROGRAM. 75 00:03:39,049 --> 00:03:42,279 WHAT HAVE YOUR DAYS LOOKED LIKE SO FAR WORKING WITH THESE 76 00:03:42,279 --> 00:03:43,430 PARTNERS? 77 00:03:43,430 --> 00:03:45,329 OUR DAYS HAVE BEEN REALLY BUSY. 78 00:03:45,329 --> 00:03:49,090 FOR ME, THERE'S ALWAYS SOMETHING MORE TO LEARN OR JUST CATCHING 79 00:03:49,090 --> 00:03:51,170 UP ON THE VEHICLES, UNDERSTANDING WHERE THE DESIGNS 80 00:03:51,170 --> 00:03:52,439 ARE AND WHERE THEY ARE GOING. 81 00:03:52,439 --> 00:03:55,180 I HAVE HAD SOME WEEKS WHERE I SPENT THE FIRST HALF OF THE WEEK 82 00:03:55,180 --> 00:04:03,090 IN FLORIDA AND THEN TRAVEL TO SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA WORKING WITH 83 00:04:03,090 --> 00:04:04,459 THE FOLKS OUT THERE. 84 00:04:04,459 --> 00:04:07,060 OR EVEN IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA MAYBE SEEING SOMETHING 85 00:04:07,060 --> 00:04:10,190 ASSOCIATED WITH THE BOEING DESIGN ONE MORNING AND THEN 86 00:04:10,190 --> 00:04:12,950 DRIVING OUT TO SPACE X LATER IN THE AFTERNOON. 87 00:04:12,950 --> 00:04:16,150 SO REALLY SEEING THESE DESIGNS SIDE BY SIDE AND HELPING US 88 00:04:16,150 --> 00:04:18,180 UNDERSTAND WHERE THE REQUIREMENTS THAT WE HAVE PUT 89 00:04:18,180 --> 00:04:21,850 TOGETHER MAKE SENSE TO APPLY TO BOTH PARTNERS IS REALLY 90 00:04:21,850 --> 00:04:22,850 CRITICAL. 91 00:04:22,850 --> 00:04:24,830 YOU ARE BOTH TEST PILOTS. 92 00:04:24,830 --> 00:04:28,889 SO THAT PLAYS A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN YOUR INVOLVEMENT IN THESE. 93 00:04:28,889 --> 00:04:31,450 COULD YOU TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT HOW YOUR TEST PILOT 94 00:04:31,450 --> 00:04:34,389 EXPERIENCE HAS PLAYED INTO IT AND WILL CONTINUE TO PLAY INTO 95 00:04:34,389 --> 00:04:35,389 THE DEVELOPMENT? 96 00:04:35,389 --> 00:04:36,389 SURE. 97 00:04:36,389 --> 00:04:38,919 THERE'S SOME FUNDAMENTALS THAT YOU LEARN AT TEST PILOT SCHOOL. 98 00:04:38,919 --> 00:04:44,039 PART OF THAT IS APPROACHING THE ENVELOPE IN A STEP-WISE PROCESS. 99 00:04:44,039 --> 00:04:46,139 I THINK THAT'S WHAT WE BRING TO THE TABLE. 100 00:04:46,139 --> 00:04:51,949 IN ANY FLIGHT, YOU ARE REACHING AND REACHING AND REACHING 101 00:04:51,949 --> 00:04:57,460 FARTHER AND TRYING TO UNDERSTAND HOW THIS MACHINE IS GOING TO 102 00:04:57,460 --> 00:04:58,460 WORK. 103 00:04:58,460 --> 00:05:02,169 SO I THINK\h-- PART OF THAT IS UNDERSTANDING HOW WELL THINGS 104 00:05:02,169 --> 00:05:08,729 FLY AND TRYING TO PUT THAT INTO\h-- ALLOW OUR PAST 105 00:05:08,729 --> 00:05:11,760 EXPERIENCES TO BRING THAT TO THESE SPACECRAFT RIGHT HERE. 106 00:05:11,760 --> 00:05:15,169 SO PART OF IT IS UNDERSTANDING THE RISKS THAT YOU ARE TAKING 107 00:05:15,169 --> 00:05:18,240 WHEN YOU ARE ADVANCING ALONG THOSE EDGES AND TAKING THOSE 108 00:05:18,240 --> 00:05:21,099 STEPS AND UNDERSTANDING THAT YOU HAVE A BACKUP PLAN AND HOW YOU 109 00:05:21,099 --> 00:05:23,650 ARE GOING TO WORK TO ACCOMPLISH THOSE GOALS. 110 00:05:23,650 --> 00:05:26,080 I THINK THAT'S JUST THE BACKGROUND OF TEST PILOTING AND 111 00:05:26,080 --> 00:05:29,870 WE BRING THAT TO THE TABLE HERE. 112 00:05:29,870 --> 00:05:33,580 AFTER GRADUATING FROM TEST PILOT SCHOOL, IT'S AN EXERCISE 113 00:05:33,580 --> 00:05:34,770 IN RISK MANAGEMENT. 114 00:05:34,770 --> 00:05:37,780 AS WE DEVELOP NEW VEHICLES, WE HAVE TO MAKE DECISIONS ABOUT 115 00:05:37,780 --> 00:05:40,620 WHEN IT IS GOOD ENOUGH AND WHEN WE NEED TO MAKE CHANGES FOR 116 00:05:40,620 --> 00:05:43,190 SAFETY OR FOR OTHER REASONS AS WE GO FORWARD. 117 00:05:43,190 --> 00:05:46,240 SO THAT METHODOLOGY THAT'S INSTILLED IN THE FOUR OF US FROM 118 00:05:46,240 --> 00:05:48,800 THAT TIME THAT WE SPENT AT THE TEST PILOT SCHOOL I THINK IS 119 00:05:48,800 --> 00:05:50,879 GOING TO SERVE US WELL GOING FORWARD. 120 00:05:50,879 --> 00:05:52,610 WE'RE TALKING ABOUT THESE TWO VEHICLES. 121 00:05:52,610 --> 00:05:55,610 BEFORE WE CAME IN HERE TODAY WE WERE TALKING A LITTLE BIT ABOUT 122 00:05:55,610 --> 00:05:59,810 WHY IT'S SUCH AN EXCITING TIME WITH ALL OF THESE VEHICLES IN 123 00:05:59,810 --> 00:06:00,810 DEVELOPMENT. 124 00:06:00,810 --> 00:06:05,430 COULD YOU EXPLAIN WHY THAT'S SO SIGNIFICANT AT THIS POINT? 125 00:06:05,430 --> 00:06:09,220 THIS IS THE FIRST TIME IN BOTH BOB'S AND MY CAREER THAT WE 126 00:06:09,220 --> 00:06:10,300 HAVE HAD A NEW SPACES CRAFT. 127 00:06:10,300 --> 00:06:13,580 BOTH OF US HAVE FLOWN IN SPACE BUT ON THE SHUTTLE AND THE 128 00:06:13,580 --> 00:06:15,740 RUSSIAN ONES. 129 00:06:15,740 --> 00:06:19,479 WE HAVE JUMPED INTO THE TRAINING PROGRAM OF GETTING TO FLY THOSE 130 00:06:19,479 --> 00:06:20,479 SPACECRAFT. 131 00:06:20,479 --> 00:06:23,720 THIS IS WHERE WE ARE ACTUALLY BEING PART OF THE PROCESS AS THE 132 00:06:23,720 --> 00:06:26,000 SPACECRAFT ARE BEING DEVELOPED. 133 00:06:26,000 --> 00:06:29,490 SO WE'RE INVOLVED IN BOTH OF THE ONES THAT ARE BEING DEVELOPED 134 00:06:29,490 --> 00:06:33,199 FOR COMMERCIAL CREW AND THIS IS ALSO ALLOWING NASA TO FOCUS 135 00:06:33,199 --> 00:06:36,099 THEIR ATTENTION ON DEVELOPING ORION. 136 00:06:36,099 --> 00:06:40,000 EVEN THOUGH IT SEEMS QUIET AT THE KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, IT'S 137 00:06:40,000 --> 00:06:42,199 RAMPING UP TO BE BUSY IN THE NEAR FUTURE. 138 00:06:42,199 --> 00:06:46,670 WE WILL HAVE TO INTEGRATE THESE INTO THE TRAFFIC MODEL GOING UP 139 00:06:46,670 --> 00:06:48,120 TO THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 140 00:06:48,120 --> 00:06:49,590 SO IT'S BUSY. 141 00:06:49,590 --> 00:06:52,099 WE HAVE THE SPACE STATION PROGRAM GOING ON. 142 00:06:52,099 --> 00:06:54,690 WE HAVE THE COMMERCIAL PROGRAM THAT'S RAMPING UP RATHER 143 00:06:54,690 --> 00:06:55,690 RAPIDLY. 144 00:06:55,690 --> 00:06:58,220 AND ALL THE DEVELOPMENTS FOR ORION THAT'S COMING UP. 145 00:06:58,220 --> 00:07:00,699 PEOPLE ARE WORKING HARD ALL THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY TO GET 146 00:07:00,699 --> 00:07:03,919 THIS\h-- ALL OF THESE SPACE SYSTEMS GOING. 147 00:07:03,919 --> 00:07:07,219 THAT REMINDS ME OF ONE OF THE QUESTIONS WE GOT FROM TWITTER. 148 00:07:07,219 --> 00:07:09,910 WHERE DO YOU TRAIN? 149 00:07:09,910 --> 00:07:14,219 IT'S A GOOD QUESTION, WHERE WILL WE TRAIN? 150 00:07:14,219 --> 00:07:17,889 WE WILL HAVE TRAINING ALL OVER THE WORLD. 151 00:07:17,889 --> 00:07:22,340 BUT THE VEHICLE SPECIFIC TRAINING IS A COMBINATION IN 152 00:07:22,340 --> 00:07:24,680 HOUSTON, FLORIDA AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. 153 00:07:24,680 --> 00:07:28,930 ALL THREE PLACES ARE GOING TO COME TOGETHER TO BRING A TOTAL 154 00:07:28,930 --> 00:07:31,719 TRAINING FLOW FOR THE NEW VEHICLES. 155 00:07:31,719 --> 00:07:36,629 AND THEN FROM TWITTER, WHAT DO YOU THINK A NASA'S 156 00:07:36,629 --> 00:07:39,750 ASTRONAUT'S ROLE WILL BE IN THE FUTURE OF HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT IN 157 00:07:39,750 --> 00:07:42,060 20, 50 YEARS FROM YOU NO? 158 00:07:42,060 --> 00:07:45,340 DON'T YOU WISH YOU WERE TEN, 20, 50 YEARS YOUNGER? 159 00:07:45,340 --> 00:07:47,530 IT'S GOING TO BE EXCITING. 160 00:07:47,530 --> 00:07:52,930 WE'RE IN THE LOWEST ORBIT. 161 00:07:52,930 --> 00:07:58,039 WE WILL GO WITH CUTTING EDGE TECHNOLOGY IN THE NEAR FUTURE. 162 00:07:58,039 --> 00:08:02,469 I MENTIONED ORION WHICH IS A BRIGHT FUTURE IN FRONT OF IT. 163 00:08:02,469 --> 00:08:06,780 IT'S GOING TO PROBABLY TAKE THE NEXT GENERATION OF ASTRONAUTS. 164 00:08:06,780 --> 00:08:10,760 PROBABLY NOT BOB AND MYSELF, A LITTLE FARTHER THAN LOW EARTH 165 00:08:10,760 --> 00:08:11,760 ORBIT. 166 00:08:11,760 --> 00:08:14,870 MAYBE TO THE MOON, MAYBE ASTEROID, TO MARS. 167 00:08:14,870 --> 00:08:17,819 I THINK WHEN YOU GET A LITTLE FARTHER AND FARTHER OUT, MAYBE 168 00:08:17,819 --> 00:08:21,620 WE WILL ACTUALLY BE SENDING SPACECRAFT ON A ROUTINE BASIS TO 169 00:08:21,620 --> 00:08:22,620 MARS. 170 00:08:22,620 --> 00:08:24,660 THAT WAS WOULD BE PRETTY SPECTACULAR. 171 00:08:24,660 --> 00:08:26,259 WE TALKED ABOUT THIS AS WELL. 172 00:08:26,259 --> 00:08:28,810 AHEAD OF COMING INTO THIS AND PART OF THAT IS SPURRED BY THE 173 00:08:28,810 --> 00:08:30,380 QUESTIONS WE WERE GETTING. 174 00:08:30,380 --> 00:08:34,159 COMMERCIAL CREW IS OPENING UP ACCESS TO DEEP SPACE IN A WAY. 175 00:08:34,159 --> 00:08:36,469 COULD YOU EXPLAIN HOW THAT IS HAPPENING? 176 00:08:36,469 --> 00:08:40,419 WHAT COMMERCIAL CREW'S ROLE IS? 177 00:08:40,419 --> 00:08:44,440 I WOULD SAY THE WAY THAT WE GET THAT OPENING UP IS TO KIND 178 00:08:44,440 --> 00:08:47,680 OF DIVIDE UP SOME OF THE RESPONSIBILITIES AND DIVIDE UP 179 00:08:47,680 --> 00:08:50,010 SOME OF THE WORK THAT NEEDS TO BE DONE TO CONTINUE OPERATING 180 00:08:50,010 --> 00:08:52,680 THE SPACE STATION AT THE SAME TIME THAT WE GO FORWARD AND 181 00:08:52,680 --> 00:08:53,680 EXPLORE. 182 00:08:53,680 --> 00:09:04,670 SO WE HAVE ALLOWED THE PARTNERS, SPACE X AND BOEING 183 00:09:04,670 --> 00:09:05,670 TO FOCUS. 184 00:09:05,670 --> 00:09:09,269 SO IT REALLY IS A GOOD DIVISION OF LABOR AND RESPONSIBILITIES 185 00:09:09,269 --> 00:09:13,550 VERSUS HAVING NASA TRY TO DEVELOP A COMMERCIAL VEHICLE OR 186 00:09:13,550 --> 00:09:16,730 DEVELOP A VEHICLE THAT WAS\h-- HAD THE SAME SPECIFICATIONS AND 187 00:09:16,730 --> 00:09:18,360 REQUIREMENTS AS THOSE COMMERCIAL PARTNERS. 188 00:09:18,360 --> 00:09:19,360 THAT WOULD BE REDUNDANT. 189 00:09:19,360 --> 00:09:23,230 WE WANT TO FOCUS RESOURCES WHERE WE CAN. 190 00:09:23,230 --> 00:09:28,130 WE DON'T HAVE INFINITE RESOURCES TO HAVE EVERYBODY DO EVERYTHING. 191 00:09:28,130 --> 00:09:29,730 OKAY. 192 00:09:29,730 --> 00:09:34,139 THE SIGNIFICANCE IS THAT IT RETURNS LAUNCH TO THE UNITED 193 00:09:34,139 --> 00:09:35,139 STATES. 194 00:09:35,139 --> 00:09:36,139 WE TALKED ABOUT THAT. 195 00:09:36,139 --> 00:09:40,709 TELL US WHAT WILL IT FEEL LIKE WHEN YOU ARE LANDING HERE AND 196 00:09:40,709 --> 00:09:43,180 YOU KNOW THAT\h-- BOTH OF YOU I WOULD LIKE TO ANSWER THIS. 197 00:09:43,180 --> 00:09:44,180 I THINK IT'S SIGNIFICANT. 198 00:09:44,180 --> 00:09:46,190 YOU ARE LANDING IN THE U.S. AGAIN. 199 00:09:46,190 --> 00:09:48,990 YOUR FAMILY AND YOUR FRIENDS WON'T NEED A PASSPORT TO GREET 200 00:09:48,990 --> 00:09:50,579 YOU WHEN YOU RETURN HOME. 201 00:09:50,579 --> 00:09:52,100 WHAT WILL THAT BE LIKE? 202 00:09:52,100 --> 00:09:53,930 THAT'S SPECTACULAR. 203 00:09:53,930 --> 00:09:54,930 EARTH IS HOME. 204 00:09:54,930 --> 00:09:56,230 SO ANYWHERE YOU LAND IS HOME. 205 00:09:56,230 --> 00:10:00,350 BUT BEING HERE AT HOME IN THE UNITED STATES IS\h-- WILL BE 206 00:10:00,350 --> 00:10:02,690 AMAZING. 207 00:10:02,690 --> 00:10:06,720 BEFORE US WHEN WE WERE LANDING IN KAZAKHSTAN, IT'S A TREK TO 208 00:10:06,720 --> 00:10:09,380 GET HOME TO HUG YOUR FAMILY AND FRIENDS. 209 00:10:09,380 --> 00:10:12,720 THIS YOU WILL BE RIGHT AROUND THE CORNER BEFORE TOO LONG. 210 00:10:12,720 --> 00:10:15,310 THAT SAME DAY, THAT SAME AFTERNOON, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO 211 00:10:15,310 --> 00:10:21,029 SEE YOUR SPOUSE, YOUR KIDS, YOUR DOG AND REALLY JUST SAY HI AND 212 00:10:21,029 --> 00:10:22,399 BE RIGHT BACK HERE AT HOME. 213 00:10:22,399 --> 00:10:23,399 IT'S HUGE. 214 00:10:23,399 --> 00:10:24,480 AND IT'S NOT ONLY THE LANDING. 215 00:10:24,480 --> 00:10:25,480 IT'S ALSO THE LAUNCH. 216 00:10:25,480 --> 00:10:30,820 WHEN YOU CAN ACTUALLY SHARE THE LAUNCH WITH FRIENDS AND FAMILY 217 00:10:30,820 --> 00:10:32,779 AND PEOPLE WHO JUST HAVE TO GET IN THEIR CAR AND DRIVE THEIR 218 00:10:32,779 --> 00:10:35,880 CAMPER DOWN TO FLORIDA, THAT'S PRETTY SPECTACULAR. 219 00:10:35,880 --> 00:10:40,120 OF COURSE, PEOPLE SEE IT TODAY ON SOCIAL MEDIA AND IN THE 220 00:10:40,120 --> 00:10:41,120 PRESS. 221 00:10:41,120 --> 00:10:43,470 BUT IT LOSES A LITTLE BIT OF TOUCH WHEN IT'S ALL THE WAY 222 00:10:43,470 --> 00:10:44,470 AROUND THE WORLD. 223 00:10:44,470 --> 00:10:47,180 SO WHEN IT'S IN OUR OWN BACKYARD, I THINK, OF COURSE, A 224 00:10:47,180 --> 00:10:49,530 LOT MORE PEOPLE WILL PAY ATTENTION AND MORE PEOPLE WILL 225 00:10:49,530 --> 00:10:52,310 BE AWARE OF ALL OF THESE PROGRAMS THAT WE'RE WORKING ON 226 00:10:52,310 --> 00:10:53,310 RIGHT NOW. 227 00:10:53,310 --> 00:10:56,459 I THINK THE KIDS IN THE COUNTRY WILL UNDERSTAND THAT THEY ARE 228 00:10:56,459 --> 00:10:57,459 PART OF THIS. 229 00:10:57,459 --> 00:10:59,139 IT'S NOT SO DISTANT FOR THEM. 230 00:10:59,139 --> 00:11:01,449 THEY ARE THE NEXT GENERATION OF THE EXPLORERS. 231 00:11:01,449 --> 00:11:05,329 I THINK SHE COVERED THE FULL GAMUT WITH THE ANSWER TO THAT 232 00:11:05,329 --> 00:11:06,329 QUESTION. 233 00:11:06,329 --> 00:11:07,329 THERE'S A LOT OF PIECES OF IT. 234 00:11:07,329 --> 00:11:09,800 I THINK ONE OF THE THINGS I TRIED TO DO OVER THE LAST FEW 235 00:11:09,800 --> 00:11:12,380 YEARS AS THE CHIEF OF THE ASTRONAUT SO WAS TO MAKE SURE 236 00:11:12,380 --> 00:11:17,920 MANY OF THE ASTRONAUTS HAD A CHANCE TO TRAVEL TO SEE A 237 00:11:17,920 --> 00:11:22,040 LAUNCH, TO PARTICIPATE IN THE LANDING RECOVERY EFFORTS AND 238 00:11:22,040 --> 00:11:25,130 RECOGNIZE THE CHALLENGE AND RESPECT WHAT'S GOING TO HAPPEN 239 00:11:25,130 --> 00:11:27,690 HERE IN THE FUTURE IN A FEW SHORT YEARS WE WILL HAVE THE 240 00:11:27,690 --> 00:11:30,470 CAPABILITY TO DO THAT IN FLORIDA. 241 00:11:30,470 --> 00:11:31,470 IT'S GOING TO BE AWESOME. 242 00:11:31,470 --> 00:11:34,610 THEY WILL REALLY HAVE SEEN, THERE'S THE LONG WAY TO DO IT, 243 00:11:34,610 --> 00:11:37,730 WHICH IS TO GO TO KAZAKHSTAN AND THEN THERE'S THE SHORT WAY TO 244 00:11:37,730 --> 00:11:42,280 HEAD DOWN TO FLORIDA AND SEE IT HAPPEN FROM THERE. 245 00:11:42,280 --> 00:11:45,779 I DO THINK THAT IN TERMS OF INSPIRATION, IN TERMS OF 246 00:11:45,779 --> 00:11:48,519 SPEAKING TO KIDS AND TRYING TO MOTIVATE THEM TO BE INTERESTED 247 00:11:48,519 --> 00:11:50,740 IN THE SPACE PROGRAM AND THE ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE THAT 248 00:11:50,740 --> 00:11:56,050 GOES WITH THAT, IT'S A TOUGHER SELL TO EXPLAIN, THE NEXT LAUNCH 249 00:11:56,050 --> 00:11:59,399 WILL BE IN KAZAKHSTAN, THE NEXT CREW WILL LAND HALFWAY AROUND 250 00:11:59,399 --> 00:12:00,709 THE WORLD. 251 00:12:00,709 --> 00:12:04,660 THEY'RE NOT QUITE AS INTERESTED IN IT AS WHEN YOU CAN PACK UP IN 252 00:12:04,660 --> 00:12:08,920 A FAMILY SUV AND HEAD TO FLORIDA AND SEE THE LAUNCH FOR YOURSELF. 253 00:12:08,920 --> 00:12:13,200 ANYBODY WHO HAS SEEN A SHUTTLE LAUNCH OR THOSE THAT ARE AROUND 254 00:12:13,200 --> 00:12:21,709 AND ABLE TO SEE CREWS LAUNCH ON DEEP SPACE MISSIONS FROM THE 255 00:12:21,709 --> 00:12:25,480 U.S. SPACE SOIL, IT'S A LIFE CHANGING EXPERIENCE, I THINK. 256 00:12:25,480 --> 00:12:28,269 IT WOULD BE GREAT TO HAVE MORE PEOPLE HAVE THAT OPPORTUNITY TO 257 00:12:28,269 --> 00:12:29,269 SEE. 258 00:12:29,269 --> 00:12:31,000 I THINK YOU ARE BOTH HITTING ON SOMETHING SIGNIFICANT, 259 00:12:31,000 --> 00:12:34,610 BECAUSE A LOT OF THE QUESTIONS THAT WE GOT RELATED TO THE 260 00:12:34,610 --> 00:12:35,610 INSPIRATION. 261 00:12:35,610 --> 00:12:37,880 I FEEL LIKE BECAUSE\h-- YOU WERE COMING FROM COMMERCIAL CREW, 262 00:12:37,880 --> 00:12:40,350 WOULD YOU BE TALKING ABOUT THAT. 263 00:12:40,350 --> 00:12:44,300 ONE OF THE QUESTIONS WE GOT OVER AND OVER AGAIN FROM SEVERAL 264 00:12:44,300 --> 00:12:50,769 TWITTER USERS IS WHAT SHOULD WE DO OR WHAT SHOULD WE STUDY TO BE 265 00:12:50,769 --> 00:12:52,680 NASA ASTRONAUTS? 266 00:12:52,680 --> 00:12:54,630 I THINK WE'RE GOING TO BE LOOKING FOR A LOT OF ASTRONAUTS 267 00:12:54,630 --> 00:12:57,060 IN THE NEAR FUTURE. 268 00:12:57,060 --> 00:12:59,360 MOST OF US HAVE A SCIENCE AND MATH BACKGROUND. 269 00:12:59,360 --> 00:13:02,870 BUT THAT DOESN'T MEAN YOU HAVE TO BE STRAIGHT SCIENCE. 270 00:13:02,870 --> 00:13:06,449 SOME PEOPLE THINK WE HAVE DOCTORS, WE HAVE A VETERINARIAN, 271 00:13:06,449 --> 00:13:08,639 WE HAVE ENGINEERS, WE HAVE PILOTS. 272 00:13:08,639 --> 00:13:11,270 WE HAVE DIVERS, WE HAVE TEACHERS. 273 00:13:11,270 --> 00:13:14,259 BUT EVERYBODY HAS A SCIENCE OR MATH BACKGROUND. 274 00:13:14,259 --> 00:13:18,150 I WOULD SAY PURSUE ANY TYPE OF BACKGROUND OR ANY TYPE OF CAREER 275 00:13:18,150 --> 00:13:20,910 THAT HAS A SCIENCE AND MATH BACKGROUND. 276 00:13:20,910 --> 00:13:23,529 BE THE BEST YOU CAN BE AND STAY HEALTHY. 277 00:13:23,529 --> 00:13:26,910 YOUR BODY GOES THROUGH A RIGOROUS UNDERTAKING TO GO INTO 278 00:13:26,910 --> 00:13:29,100 SPACE AND COME BACK. 279 00:13:29,100 --> 00:13:31,680 YOU HAVE TO BE HEALTHY. 280 00:13:31,680 --> 00:13:35,079 DON'T TAKE YOUR HEALTH FOR GRANTED. 281 00:13:35,079 --> 00:13:37,610 AND YOU WERE THE FORMER CHIEF OF THE ASTRONAUT OFFICE. 282 00:13:37,610 --> 00:13:40,370 WHAT SORT OF TRAITS WOULD YOU LOOK FOR WHEN YOU WERE 283 00:13:40,370 --> 00:13:41,910 RECRUITING A NEW CLASS OF ASTRONAUTS? 284 00:13:41,910 --> 00:13:44,980 THERE HAS BEEN A SHIFT OVER THE DECADES. 285 00:13:44,980 --> 00:13:48,389 WE ARE GOING TO A NEW DIRECTION. 286 00:13:48,389 --> 00:13:51,130 THERE WAS A TIME WHEN EVERY ASTRONAUT WAS A TEST PILOT, A 287 00:13:51,130 --> 00:13:53,861 MILITARY OFFICER WHO GRADUATED FROM ONE OF THE TEST PILOT 288 00:13:53,861 --> 00:13:54,950 SCHOOLS. 289 00:13:54,950 --> 00:13:57,130 THAT'S GETTING FURTHER IN THE PAST. 290 00:13:57,130 --> 00:13:59,959 COMMERCIAL CREW VEHICLES, WE EXPECT THOSE TO BE OPERATED BY 291 00:13:59,959 --> 00:14:02,910 PEOPLE THAT DON'T NECESSARILY HAVE A MILITARY TEST PILOTING 292 00:14:02,910 --> 00:14:03,910 BACKGROUND. 293 00:14:03,910 --> 00:14:05,589 THAT'S ONE OF THE RESPONSIBILITIES THAT'S ON THE 294 00:14:05,589 --> 00:14:11,050 PLATE OF US AND THE TWO OTHER FOLKS ASSIGNED TO MAKE SURE THAT 295 00:14:11,050 --> 00:14:14,120 WE PRODUCE A VEHICLE THAT A WIDE RANGE OF PEOPLE WILL BE ABLE TO 296 00:14:14,120 --> 00:14:15,800 TAKE TO THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 297 00:14:15,800 --> 00:14:19,139 IN TERMS OF CHARACTERISTICS, I REALLY WANT TO FOCUS ON 298 00:14:19,139 --> 00:14:22,220 PEOPLE\h-- WHEN I WAS SELECTING AND WE SAT ON THE RECENT 299 00:14:22,220 --> 00:14:26,230 SELECTION BOARD ON FOLKS THAT DID WELL AT WHATEVER THEY TOOK 300 00:14:26,230 --> 00:14:28,960 TO BE THEIR LIFE'S DOING. 301 00:14:28,960 --> 00:14:32,770 WHETHER THEY WERE A SCIENTIST OR ENGINEER OR PILOT, THE FOLKS 302 00:14:32,770 --> 00:14:35,649 THAT LOVED WHAT THEY DID AND DID A GREAT JOB AT IT, IT SHOWED 303 00:14:35,649 --> 00:14:36,649 THROUGH. 304 00:14:36,649 --> 00:14:38,180 THOSE WERE THE TYPE OF PEOPLE THAT WE WANTED TO HAVE IN THE 305 00:14:38,180 --> 00:14:39,180 OFFICE. 306 00:14:39,180 --> 00:14:42,959 IT WASN'T NECESSARILY I NEED ANOTHER VETERINARIAN IN THE 307 00:14:42,959 --> 00:14:43,959 OFFICE. 308 00:14:43,959 --> 00:14:46,190 IT WAS, I NEED A VETERINARIAN POTENTIALLY. 309 00:14:46,190 --> 00:14:48,500 BUT SOMEBODY WHO HAD THE RIGHT PASSION, IF YOU WILL, FOR WHAT 310 00:14:48,500 --> 00:14:52,209 THEY DID AND TO DO A GOOD JOB AND TO BE READY FOR ALL THE 311 00:14:52,209 --> 00:14:54,810 CONTINGENCIES THAT WE HAD TO PREPARE FOR. 312 00:14:54,810 --> 00:14:55,920 THIS IS A BIG TEAM. 313 00:14:55,920 --> 00:14:59,230 I THINK ONE OF THE THINGS THAT WE LOOK AT WHEN WE'RE LOOKING\h-- 314 00:14:59,230 --> 00:15:02,210 LOOKING AT FOLKS APPLYING FOR THE ASTRONAUT OFFICE IS HOW WELL 315 00:15:02,210 --> 00:15:03,579 PEOPLE PLAY TOGETHER. 316 00:15:03,579 --> 00:15:04,579 RIGHT? 317 00:15:04,579 --> 00:15:06,550 THE THINGS YOU LEARN IN KINDERGARTEN. 318 00:15:06,550 --> 00:15:07,990 IT'S A TEAM EFFORT. 319 00:15:07,990 --> 00:15:13,850 BOB AND I AND ERIC AND DOUG ARE PUT ON THIS MISSION RIGHT NOW. 320 00:15:13,850 --> 00:15:16,250 BUT THERE'S A LOT MORE TO FOLLOW. 321 00:15:16,250 --> 00:15:18,769 AND ALONG WITH THAT IS A LOT OF PEOPLE WHO SUPPORT WHAT WE'RE 322 00:15:18,769 --> 00:15:22,279 DOING AND REALLY GET THE SPACECRAFT AND EVERYTHING ABOUT 323 00:15:22,279 --> 00:15:24,639 FLYING IN SPACE READY FOR US. 324 00:15:24,639 --> 00:15:28,160 YOU HAVE TO BE A TEAM PLAYER. 325 00:15:28,160 --> 00:15:30,459 GOING BACK TO COMMERCIAL CREW AND BEING TEAM PLAYERS, ARE ALL 326 00:15:30,459 --> 00:15:34,050 OF YOUR PEERS IN THE ASTRONAUT CORPS AWAITING AN EXPEDITION 327 00:15:34,050 --> 00:15:35,050 ASSIGNMENT? 328 00:15:35,050 --> 00:15:36,329 ARE THEY TALKING TO YOU ABOUT IT? 329 00:15:36,329 --> 00:15:38,779 WHAT ARE YOU HEARING AMONG THE CORPS ITSELF IN. 330 00:15:38,779 --> 00:15:40,879 I THINK EVERYBODY WHO DOESN'T HAVE A FLIGHT ASSIGNMENT IS 331 00:15:40,879 --> 00:15:45,410 WAITING THE PHONE CALL THAT WILL PRESENT THEM WITH ONE. 332 00:15:45,410 --> 00:15:47,620 I THINK THERE IS A LOT OF EXCITEMENT GENERATED BY THE 333 00:15:47,620 --> 00:15:49,210 COMMERCIAL CREW PROGRAM. 334 00:15:49,210 --> 00:15:52,980 FOLKS ARE INTERESTED IN THE ASPECT OF LAUNCHING AGAIN OUT OF 335 00:15:52,980 --> 00:15:56,800 THE FLORIDA SPACE COAST VERSUS OUT OF KAZAKHSTAN. 336 00:15:56,800 --> 00:16:00,130 WE WILL HAVE ASTRONAUTS THAT DO LAUNCH OUT OF KAZAKHSTAN. 337 00:16:00,130 --> 00:16:03,290 WE WILL NEED TO PRESERVE THAT PARALLEL PATH. 338 00:16:03,290 --> 00:16:05,519 THE SPACE STATION IS A VALUABLE RESOURCE. 339 00:16:05,519 --> 00:16:10,139 WE WANT TO MAKE SURE IT'S APPROPRIATELY STAFFED. 340 00:16:10,139 --> 00:16:12,209 BUT SOME FOLKS WILL HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO FLY OUT OF 341 00:16:12,209 --> 00:16:15,180 FLORIDA AND FOLKS ARE ALL INTERESTED IN US GETTING TO THE 342 00:16:15,180 --> 00:16:17,810 POINT WHERE WE ARE LAUNCHING SO THE NEXT ASSIGNMENTS WILL COME 343 00:16:17,810 --> 00:16:18,810 AFTER OURS. 344 00:16:18,810 --> 00:16:21,740 WE NEED TO MOVE ON SO THE NEXT WILL BE ASSIGNED. 345 00:16:21,740 --> 00:16:24,430 WHILE WE ARE ON THE SUBJECT OF ASSIGNMENT, WE HAVE A 346 00:16:24,430 --> 00:16:27,350 QUESTION FROM FACEBOOK ASKING, HAVE YOU BEEN ASSIGNED TO A 347 00:16:27,350 --> 00:16:29,560 SPECIFIC MISSION YET? 348 00:16:29,560 --> 00:16:30,730 NOT QUITE YET. 349 00:16:30,730 --> 00:16:35,319 RIGHT NOW, WE'RE ALL LEARNING ABOUT BOTH SPACECRAFT. 350 00:16:35,319 --> 00:16:39,480 IT'S A PRETTY COMPLICATED PROBLEM ABOUT WHEN EXACTLY WHICH 351 00:16:39,480 --> 00:16:41,340 SPACECRAFT WILL FLY AND WHEN. 352 00:16:41,340 --> 00:16:43,551 THERE'S A LITTLE BIT OF A TRAFFIC JAM UP AT THE SPACE 353 00:16:43,551 --> 00:16:46,209 STATION RIGHT NOW WITH OTHER VEHICLES COMING UP, CARGO 354 00:16:46,209 --> 00:16:47,510 VEHICLES AS WELL. 355 00:16:47,510 --> 00:16:50,750 I THINK WE'RE STILL IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THESE TWO 356 00:16:50,750 --> 00:16:51,750 PROGRAMS. 357 00:16:51,750 --> 00:16:53,480 BOB AND I ARE LEARNING QUITE A BIT ABOUT THEM FOR THE LAST 358 00:16:53,480 --> 00:16:54,990 COUPLE OF MONTHS. 359 00:16:54,990 --> 00:16:57,360 WE DON'T HAVE AN IDEA OF EXACTLY WHO IS GOING TO FLY WHICH 360 00:16:57,360 --> 00:16:58,360 SPACECRAFT YET. 361 00:16:58,360 --> 00:17:01,270 WE'RE GETTING READIED TO FLY BOTH AS BEST AS POSSIBLE. 362 00:17:01,270 --> 00:17:06,730 EVENTUALLY, THAT'S GOING TO WORK ITSELF OUT IN THE MANIFEST. 363 00:17:06,730 --> 00:17:10,130 A LITTLE BIT OF A COMPLICATED PROGRAM\h-- PROBLEM AT THIS 364 00:17:10,130 --> 00:17:11,130 MOMENT IN TIME. 365 00:17:11,130 --> 00:17:14,530 I WOULD JUST ADD THAT FROM\h-- AS WE DEVELOP THESE VEHICLES, WE 366 00:17:14,530 --> 00:17:16,690 WANT TO MAKE SURE THEY GET TO THE SPACE STATION KIND OF THE 367 00:17:16,690 --> 00:17:17,959 SAME WAY. 368 00:17:17,959 --> 00:17:20,429 THAT THEY HAVE SOME OF THE SAME REQUIREMENTS IN TERMS OF WHAT 369 00:17:20,429 --> 00:17:24,240 CREWS WILL NEED TO BE ABLE TO DO SO WHEN THE TIME COMES TO SELECT 370 00:17:24,240 --> 00:17:26,970 CREWS AND TRAIN THEM, THAT WE HAVE KIND OF GOT SIMILARITIES 371 00:17:26,970 --> 00:17:28,500 BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT VEHICLES. 372 00:17:28,500 --> 00:17:32,370 SO IF WE WERE TO SPLIT TOO EARLY AND HAVE ONE PERSON JUST FOCUS 373 00:17:32,370 --> 00:17:35,780 ON ONE VEHICLE AND ANOTHER PERSON ON ANOTHER VEHICLE, THEY 374 00:17:35,780 --> 00:17:40,260 MAY CHOOSE TO DO DOCKING IN A WAY THAT DIDN'T ALLOW US TO KIND 375 00:17:40,260 --> 00:17:44,799 OF GET ANY SYNERGY FROM TRAINING PERSPECTIVE OR FROM THE THINGS 376 00:17:44,799 --> 00:17:47,400 YOU HAVE TO KNOW OR FROM A NASA OPERATIONS PERSPECTIVE, IT MAY 377 00:17:47,400 --> 00:17:50,720 BECOME INCONVENIENT FROM A TRAFFIC PERSPECTIVE, IF EVERYONE 378 00:17:50,720 --> 00:17:52,950 CHOSE TO DO IT A DIFFERENT WAY. 379 00:17:52,950 --> 00:17:57,230 WE ARE TRYING TO DO STANDARDIZATION SO THEY GET TO 380 00:17:57,230 --> 00:18:01,120 THE SPACE STATION IN A SMOOTH WAY. 381 00:18:01,120 --> 00:18:04,940 WHEN THE TIME COMES THAT THAT'S DONE, WE WILL BE MARRIED OFF TO 382 00:18:04,940 --> 00:18:08,000 ONE OF THE VEHICLES AND WE WILL HEAD OFF TO THE SPACE STATION ON 383 00:18:08,000 --> 00:18:09,000 IT. 384 00:18:09,000 --> 00:18:12,320 ONE OF THE QUESTIONS THAT CAME UP ON SOCIAL MEDIA WAS WHAT 385 00:18:12,320 --> 00:18:16,220 YOU LIKE WORKING ON WHEN YOU ARE ON STATION. 386 00:18:16,220 --> 00:18:19,260 WE KNOW THAT THE COMMERCIAL CREW PROGRAM IS GOING TO INCREASE THE 387 00:18:19,260 --> 00:18:22,179 AMOUNT OF TIME WE HAVE TO DO RESEARCH ON THE SPACE STATION. 388 00:18:22,179 --> 00:18:25,140 COULD YOU TALK ABOUT YOUR FAVORITE EXPERIMENTS? 389 00:18:25,140 --> 00:18:29,250 YOU KNOW ONE THAT I THOUGHT THAT WAS GOING TO BE JUST LIKE 390 00:18:29,250 --> 00:18:32,809 INTERESTING WAS MADECCA FISH. 391 00:18:32,809 --> 00:18:37,370 WE SET UP AN AQUARIUM FOR FISH. 392 00:18:37,370 --> 00:18:38,880 OKAY. 393 00:18:38,880 --> 00:18:41,400 IS THIS GOING TO CHANGE THE WORLD? 394 00:18:41,400 --> 00:18:42,400 MAYBE NOT. 395 00:18:42,400 --> 00:18:46,320 IT'S AMAZING HOW\h-- WHAT YOU HAVE TO THINK ABOUT TO JUST PUT 396 00:18:46,320 --> 00:18:49,160 SOME TYPE OF PROJECT IN SPACE. 397 00:18:49,160 --> 00:18:52,860 HOW IS AN AQUARIUM GOING TO WORK IN SPACE? 398 00:18:52,860 --> 00:18:55,870 HOW ARE THE FISH GOING TO ORIENT THEMSELVES? 399 00:18:55,870 --> 00:18:57,909 WHAT KIND OF LIGHT DO THEY HAVE? 400 00:18:57,909 --> 00:19:01,669 I CAME TO FIND OUT A LITTLE LATER ABOUT WHAT THEY WERE THERE 401 00:19:01,669 --> 00:19:03,170 FOR, WHICH IS PRETTY SPECTACULAR. 402 00:19:03,170 --> 00:19:06,640 THEY ARE TRANSPARENT FISH. 403 00:19:06,640 --> 00:19:08,610 WE WERE LOOKING AT HOW THEIR BONES ARE DEVELOPING. 404 00:19:08,610 --> 00:19:09,880 THEY WERE YOUNG FISH. 405 00:19:09,880 --> 00:19:11,630 THEY WERE GROWING AS THEY WERE UP THERE. 406 00:19:11,630 --> 00:19:16,610 SO IT IS ACTUALLY PROBABLY SCIENCE THAT'S PROBABLY GOING TO 407 00:19:16,610 --> 00:19:18,990 CHANGE THE WAY WE DO THINGS NOT ONLY IN SPACE, BECAUSE, OF 408 00:19:18,990 --> 00:19:22,310 COURSE, BONE DENSITY IS AN ISSUE, BUT REFLECTS BACK AND 409 00:19:22,310 --> 00:19:25,540 HELPS PEOPLE HERE ON EARTH WHO HAVE OSTEOPOROSIS. 410 00:19:25,540 --> 00:19:29,480 THAT SEEMED NICE BECAUSE I LOVE ANIMALS. 411 00:19:29,480 --> 00:19:34,260 REALLY IS VERY MULTI-FACETED AND PRETTY SPECTACULAR. 412 00:19:34,260 --> 00:19:37,650 THERE'S A MYRIAD OF EXPERIMENTS LIKE THAT THAT INCLUDE LOOKING 413 00:19:37,650 --> 00:19:40,390 AT WHAT'S HAPPENING TO THE HUMAN BODY IN SPACE FOR AN EXTENDED 414 00:19:40,390 --> 00:19:41,390 PERIOD OF TIME. 415 00:19:41,390 --> 00:19:44,640 WE HAVE SCOTT KELLY UP THERE RIGHT NOW. 416 00:19:44,640 --> 00:19:46,840 THAT'S HELPING THAT OUT. 417 00:19:46,840 --> 00:19:51,140 AS WELL AS NEW MATERIALS, LOOKING AT\h-- BACK AT OUR 418 00:19:51,140 --> 00:19:52,140 PLANET. 419 00:19:52,140 --> 00:19:55,000 ALL THIS IS GOING TO HELP US ON EARTH AND MAKE US SMARTER WHEN 420 00:19:55,000 --> 00:19:58,820 WE DEVELOP NEW SPACECRAFT AND NEW SYSTEMS. 421 00:19:58,820 --> 00:20:01,470 SO THE SPACE STATION IS FILLED WITH A BUNCH OF THEM. 422 00:20:01,470 --> 00:20:04,150 BUT I'M AN ANIMAL LOVER. 423 00:20:04,150 --> 00:20:08,779 I WOULDN'T SAY I'M NOT AN ANIMAL LOVER. 424 00:20:08,779 --> 00:20:12,240 BUT I WOULD SAY THE BIOLOGY EXPERIMENTS FOR THE BIOLOGY THAT 425 00:20:12,240 --> 00:20:15,490 THEY ARE ARE THE ONES THAT I FOUND THE MOST INTERESTING TO 426 00:20:15,490 --> 00:20:16,490 PERFORM. 427 00:20:16,490 --> 00:20:18,650 I REALLY THINK THAT THERE'S A UNIQUE ENVIRONMENT THAT'S UP 428 00:20:18,650 --> 00:20:21,580 THERE AND HOW WE LIVE AND OPERATE IN THAT UNIQUE 429 00:20:21,580 --> 00:20:24,810 ENVIRONMENT, HOW GENES EXPRESS THEMSELVES, THE CHALLENGES THAT 430 00:20:24,810 --> 00:20:28,220 THE BODY FACES ADAPTING, ALL OF THOSE PIECES ARE THINGS THAT 431 00:20:28,220 --> 00:20:30,920 WILL TEACH US ABOUT WHAT HAPPEN DOWN ON EARTH. 432 00:20:30,920 --> 00:20:33,820 WE WILL HAVE TO UNDERSTAND THE SYSTEM REALLY WELL IF WE CAN 433 00:20:33,820 --> 00:20:38,090 UNDERSTAND IT IN SPACE, AND THAT WILL INFORM US AS WE MAKE 434 00:20:38,090 --> 00:20:42,690 DECISIONS ABOUT HOW WE PROTECT OURSELVES OR OPERATE ON THE 435 00:20:42,690 --> 00:20:43,690 GROUND. 436 00:20:43,690 --> 00:20:46,710 SO I REALLY DO THINK ALL OF THAT\h-- THE BIOLOGY\h-- LOVING 437 00:20:46,710 --> 00:20:50,930 ANIMALS IS GREAT, A FISH TANK AND OTHER LIFE FORMS ABOARD WITH 438 00:20:50,930 --> 00:20:53,650 YOU ON SPACE STATION, BUT THE SCIENCE ASSOCIATED WITH BIOLOGY 439 00:20:53,650 --> 00:20:55,570 IS REMARKABLE. 440 00:20:55,570 --> 00:20:59,870 YOU RAN A MARATHON WHILE YOU WERE ON THE SPACE STATION. 441 00:20:59,870 --> 00:21:02,320 I'M GOING TO DIRECT THIS QUESTION TOWARD YOU. 442 00:21:02,320 --> 00:21:06,700 HOW DOES ZERO GRAVITY AFFECT YOUR MUSCLE TONE WHEN YOU RETURN 443 00:21:06,700 --> 00:21:07,750 TO EARTH? 444 00:21:07,750 --> 00:21:08,750 WOW. 445 00:21:08,750 --> 00:21:09,750 INTERESTING. 446 00:21:09,750 --> 00:21:11,880 IF YOU DID NOTHING, YOU PROBABLY WOULD COME BACK A LITTLE BIT 447 00:21:11,880 --> 00:21:12,880 WEAK. 448 00:21:12,880 --> 00:21:15,630 BUT LUCKILY ENOUGH WE HAVE SOME EQUIPMENT UP THERE THAT KEEPS US 449 00:21:15,630 --> 00:21:19,470 SORT OF IN THE NORMAL FORM WHEN WE RETURN BACK TO EARTH. 450 00:21:19,470 --> 00:21:20,470 THAT'S PRETTY IMPORTANT. 451 00:21:20,470 --> 00:21:23,960 YOU DON'T WANT TO HAVE LOST TOO MUCH BONE DENSITY OR MUSCLE MASS 452 00:21:23,960 --> 00:21:24,960 UP IN SPACE. 453 00:21:24,960 --> 00:21:28,260 WE'RE ON A RIGOROUS PROGRAM UP THERE. 454 00:21:28,260 --> 00:21:32,159 IT'S ABOUT TWO HOURS WORTH OF EXERCISE, A LITTLE BIT CARDIO, A 455 00:21:32,159 --> 00:21:36,039 LITTLE BIT WEIGHT LIFTING WITH THE ADVANCED RESISTANCE EXERCISE 456 00:21:36,039 --> 00:21:37,350 DEVICE. 457 00:21:37,350 --> 00:21:42,230 MOST IS FOCUSED TOWARD MAINTAINING MUSCLE MASS AND BONE 458 00:21:42,230 --> 00:21:43,309 DENSITY. 459 00:21:43,309 --> 00:21:46,130 ALONG WITH THE NUTRITION PROGRAM THAT WE HAVE UP THERE, THE FOOD 460 00:21:46,130 --> 00:21:49,150 THAT WE'RE EATING, PEOPLE ARE COMING BACK IN REALLY GOOD SHAPE 461 00:21:49,150 --> 00:21:53,730 AFTER BEING UP IN SPACE FOR SIX MONTHS OR SO. 462 00:21:53,730 --> 00:21:57,220 THAT'S BASED ON OR BECAUSE OF THE RIGOROUS EXERCISE PROTOCOLS 463 00:21:57,220 --> 00:21:58,549 THAT WE HAVE. 464 00:21:58,549 --> 00:22:01,180 LIKE I MENTIONED, IF YOU DIDN'T DO ANYTHING, YOU WOULD HAVE SOME 465 00:22:01,180 --> 00:22:02,180 PROBLEMS. 466 00:22:02,180 --> 00:22:05,000 OUR BODY IS FORMED AND MADE HERE ON EARTH. 467 00:22:05,000 --> 00:22:07,779 THAT'S HOW\h-- THAT'S WHY WE LOOK THE WAY WE LOOK. 468 00:22:07,779 --> 00:22:10,610 BEING IN SPACE, IT'S GOING TO START TO CHANGE YOU UNLESS YOU 469 00:22:10,610 --> 00:22:14,370 REMEMBER BACK WHY YOU NEED TO WALK AROUND A LITTLE BIT. 470 00:22:14,370 --> 00:22:18,350 THE EXERCISE EQUIPMENT IS REALLY GOOD. 471 00:22:18,350 --> 00:22:22,320 SO WE'RE GOING TO END WITH JUST A FEW RAPID FIRE QUESTIONS. 472 00:22:22,320 --> 00:22:23,760 I'M GOING TO THROW THE QUESTIONS OUT. 473 00:22:23,760 --> 00:22:26,280 JUST ANSWER THEM AS QUICKLY AS YOU CAN. 474 00:22:26,280 --> 00:22:29,440 WHAT'S THE FIRST FOOD YOU WANT TO EAT WHEN YOU RETURN TO EARTH? 475 00:22:29,440 --> 00:22:30,850 PIZZA. 476 00:22:30,850 --> 00:22:32,260 STEAK. 477 00:22:32,260 --> 00:22:35,419 WHAT'S YOUR FAVORITE FOOD ON STATION? 478 00:22:35,419 --> 00:22:36,929 COTTAGE CHEESE FROM RUSSIA. 479 00:22:36,929 --> 00:22:39,070 I LIKE THE SPAGHETTI. 480 00:22:39,070 --> 00:22:43,330 IF YOU COULD SOLVE ONE SPACE MYSTERY, WHAT WOULD IT BE? 481 00:22:43,330 --> 00:22:45,280 ONE SPACE MYSTERY? 482 00:22:45,280 --> 00:22:47,610 FOR ME, THE MYSTERY THAT I WOULD LIKE TO SOLVE IS, WHERE IS THE 483 00:22:47,610 --> 00:22:50,429 NEAREST LIFE IN OUTER SPACE? 484 00:22:50,429 --> 00:22:51,650 THERE'S A QUESTION OF IS THERE LIFE. 485 00:22:51,650 --> 00:22:55,330 I THINK THERE'S SO MUCH OUT THERE THAT THE ANSWER HAS TO BE 486 00:22:55,330 --> 00:22:56,330 YES. 487 00:22:56,330 --> 00:22:57,799 BUT WHERE IS THE NEAREST IS THE QUESTION I WOULD LIKE\h-- 488 00:22:57,799 --> 00:22:58,960 YOU ARE LOOKING FOR ALIENS? 489 00:22:58,960 --> 00:23:01,909 LOOK BEING FOR ALIENS. 490 00:23:01,909 --> 00:23:06,330 OCTOBER 21, 2015 IS BACK TO THE FUTURE DAY, THE DAY MARTY 491 00:23:06,330 --> 00:23:07,740 AND DOCK ARRIVED IN THE FUTURE. 492 00:23:07,740 --> 00:23:12,529 THE FILM PREDICTED IT WOULD LOOK DIFFERENT THAN IT DOES TODAY. 493 00:23:12,529 --> 00:23:16,029 WHAT WERE YOU\h-- WHEN YOU WERE A KID, WHAT TECHNOLOGY DID YOU 494 00:23:16,029 --> 00:23:22,640 THINK WE WOULD HAVE TODAY THAT WE DON'T HAVE YET? 495 00:23:22,640 --> 00:23:25,740 FROM MY PERSPECTIVE, I THOUGHT WE WOULD HAVE A PERSONAL 496 00:23:25,740 --> 00:23:27,730 HOVER CRAFT CAPABILITY. 497 00:23:27,730 --> 00:23:32,190 I THINK MARTY HAD A SKATEBOARD THAT HE ADOPTED AND WAS ABLE TO 498 00:23:32,190 --> 00:23:33,190 FLY AROUND ON. 499 00:23:33,190 --> 00:23:35,779 WE DON'T HAVE A BIG CHANGE FROM THAT PERSPECTIVE. 500 00:23:35,779 --> 00:23:36,909 WE CAN DRIVE CARS. 501 00:23:36,909 --> 00:23:40,990 WE DON'T HAVE PERSONAL HOVER CRAFT OR FLYING VEHICLES. 502 00:23:40,990 --> 00:23:42,100 I WAS HOPING THAT WE WOULD HAVE THAT. 503 00:23:42,100 --> 00:23:43,490 IT WOULD BE COOL. 504 00:23:43,490 --> 00:23:49,440 I'M HAPPY WITH FACETIME OR ANY DEVICE YOU CAN SEE SOMEBODY 505 00:23:49,440 --> 00:23:50,440 YOU ARE TALKING TO. 506 00:23:50,440 --> 00:23:54,419 I NEVER THOUGHT THE JETSON PHONE WOULD COME TO LIFE AND IT HAS. 507 00:23:54,419 --> 00:23:58,320 IT'S BETTER THAN THE VIDEO CONFERENCES CAPABILITY, BEING 508 00:23:58,320 --> 00:24:01,970 ABLE TO FACETIME OR SKYPE WITH YOUR FAMILY IS SOMETHING THE 509 00:24:01,970 --> 00:24:02,970 CREW USES. 510 00:24:02,970 --> 00:24:05,830 I'M SURE FUTURE MISSIONS WILL USE THAT. 511 00:24:05,830 --> 00:24:08,590 IT ALWAYS EVEN IN SCIENCE FICTION MOVIES LOOKS CLUNKY 512 00:24:08,590 --> 00:24:11,010 COMPARED TO WHAT WE HAVE ON THE GROUND. 513 00:24:11,010 --> 00:24:13,770 PRETTY COOL THAT WE HAVE ACHIEVED SO MUCH ON THAT FRONT. 514 00:24:13,770 --> 00:24:19,140 I GOT TO SEE MY DOG FROM SPACE WITH SKYPE TYPE OF THING 515 00:24:19,140 --> 00:24:20,140 WE HAVE. 516 00:24:20,140 --> 00:24:21,250 THAT'S NEAT. 517 00:24:21,250 --> 00:24:23,850 IT IS. 518 00:24:23,850 --> 00:24:26,370 SOMEBODY MENTIONED SCI-FI MOVIES. 519 00:24:26,370 --> 00:24:31,120 "STAR TREK" OR WARS? 520 00:24:31,120 --> 00:24:36,720 I'M A TREK GAL. 521 00:24:36,720 --> 00:24:39,200 YOUR PREFERRED SLEEP, SPACE OR EARTH? 522 00:24:39,200 --> 00:24:42,330 MY PREFERRED SLEEP IS AFTER A GOOD DAY'S WORK. 523 00:24:42,330 --> 00:24:44,570 I HAVE THAT ON THE GROUND AND IN SPACE. 524 00:24:44,570 --> 00:24:47,630 I HAVE ENOUGH WORK TO DO TO GET A GOOD NIGHT'S SLEEP. 525 00:24:47,630 --> 00:24:50,370 I VOTE FOR SPACE. 526 00:24:50,370 --> 00:24:53,090 NOTHING HURT. 527 00:24:53,090 --> 00:24:58,720 IT DOES TAKE ABOUT I WOULD SAY PROBABLY A MONTH FOR ME TO 528 00:24:58,720 --> 00:25:01,280 REALLY GET USED TO FLOATING. 529 00:25:01,280 --> 00:25:04,049 BUT SLEEPING IN SPACE IS PRETTY AWESOME. 530 00:25:04,049 --> 00:25:05,250 WAKE UP REFRESHED. 531 00:25:05,250 --> 00:25:08,460 YOU GAVE SOMEBODY A GREAT BUSINESS IDEA. 532 00:25:08,460 --> 00:25:11,390 FAVORITE PLANET OTHER THAN EARTH? 533 00:25:11,390 --> 00:25:12,400 JUPITER. 534 00:25:12,400 --> 00:25:14,910 PROBABLY MARS. 535 00:25:14,910 --> 00:25:17,440 IT'S GOING TO BE SPECTACULAR WHEN WE GET THERE. 536 00:25:17,440 --> 00:25:20,370 WHAT'S ONE ITEM YOU ALWAYS BRING WITH YOU ON A MISSION? 537 00:25:20,370 --> 00:25:23,809 I HAVE ALWAYS BROUGHT A RING FROM MY WIFE. 538 00:25:23,809 --> 00:25:28,370 I THINK I WILL BRING HER RING AND A PICTURE OF OUR SON. 539 00:25:28,370 --> 00:25:30,049 ALL RIGHT. 540 00:25:30,049 --> 00:25:33,070 THANK YOU BOTH SO MUCH FOR TAKING TIME TO TALK WITH US 541 00:25:33,070 --> 00:25:34,070 TODAY. 542 00:25:34,070 --> 00:25:37,020 THANKS, EVERYONE, WHO SENT IN THE GREAT QUESTIONS WITH THE 543 00:25:37,020 --> 00:25:38,020 #ATNASA. 544 00:25:38,020 --> 00:25:39,850 THIS HAS BEEN A LIVE NASA SOCIAL CHAT. 545 00:25:39,850 --> 00:25:40,850 THANK YOU FOR JOINING US. 546 00:25:40,850 --> 00:25:41,850 SOYUZ. 547 00:25:41,850 --> 00:25:42,850 ORION. 548 00:25:42,850 --> 00:25:43,850 EYE RYNE.